My Autobiography

My Autobiography

My name is Muhammad Firman, usually called as the Word. My male gender and birth date of 12 September 1992 and I was an only child. I live in Jakarta, precisely Jatinegara Cakung East Jakarta.

 

My elementary school SDN 02 Jatinegara graduated in 2003, my junior high school in the SMP 90 Jakarta, my high school SMAN 36 Jakarta. My hobbies are playing football, junior high school when I used to go to the competition level junior championships.

Since childhood I wanted to be a machinist and was very interested in the railways, but the will says otherwise. I am now studying the repercussions on the train, namely Management. Hopefully I elaborated science can be useful for a better future.

Incentivising Downstream Investment; A Look into Export Tariffs on Agricultural Commodities

To encourage the development of higher value added activity in the country’s agriculture sector, Indonesia beginning in 2010 initiated several policies limiting the export of unprocessed commodities. In a move to ensure that local industries do not lack for competitively priced raw materials, the government imposed export tariffs on raw cocoa beans and crude palm oil, and introduced an export ban on unprocessed rattan. This course of action has by and large had the desired impact – domestic supply of these raw materials has grown and the industries that create products derived from them have flourished. Despite lingering questions about the long term viability of domestic manufacturing industries reliant upon distorted input prices, there is no doubting the present opportunity for foreign investors to engage in downstream activity.

Cocoa

In 2010, the government implemented a progressive tax whereby the export tariff on raw cocoa beans increases up to 15% when the global price for the commodity exceeds $3,500 per MET as part of its strategy to develop the cocoa processing industry. Signed into law in reaction to skyrocketing cocoa bean prices in late 2009 that reached heights not seen in over thirty years. Between 2011 and 2012, Indonesia increased the exports of its processed cocoa products from 145,700 MET to 188,500 MET (BPS) despite the fact that this period was marked with volatile global cocoa bean prices. With the price of the commodity now rising again, reaching $2,824 per MET in December 2013 (ICCO) and expected to rally to $3,200 per MET by the end of 2014; action taken to guarantee domestic supply for local downstream industries is all the more important. At present, the export tariff for the beginning of 2014 has been set at 10%.

Downstream cocoa companies now benefit from an established source of raw materials less vulnerable to impending price hikes driven by rising demand for chocolate in Asia as well as lower global production of cocoa beans. The grinding and fermentation industries have experienced substantial growth - the export of processed cocoa products rose by 29.48% between 2011 and 2012 – and remain lucrative fields for foreign investors to enter. International companies already reacted to favourable investment conditions include Cargill Inc., which will invest $100 million to construct a 70,000 MET processing facility in Gresik, East Java, and Swiss-based Barry Callebaut, which plans to open a $33 million plant in partnership with local cocoa bean trader Comextra Majora.

Furthermore, a 5% import tax on raw cocoa beans affords Indonesian cocoa producers with an advantage in supplying raw materials to the quickly expanding downstream industry, and foreign investors are advised to seek out cooperation with local farmers to optimise cocoa bean production. With a recent $350 million government initiative having failed to raise output beyond the 456,000 tonnes produced in 2012 (ASKINDO), local cocoa producers are seeking alternative paths to improving productivity.

Investors experienced in resolving issues brought about by the endemic presence of cocoa pod borer moths are also encouraged to enter the market and implement responsible, pest-mitigating harvesting and post-harvest processes such as pod-sleeving with biodegradable plastics. Developing research facilities to create pest resistant clones and advanced side-grafting techniques are another area for prospective collaboration.

Rattan

In 2012, Indonesia banned the export of unprocessed rattan in accordance with Ministry of Trade Law No. 35/2011 on the Export of Rattan and Rattan Products. Businesses are prohibited from exporting raw or semi-finished rattan, and must produce finished goods such as furniture, crafts and homeware to be able to sell to markets abroad. The ban, controversial given that local rattan farmers previously met over 80% of the world’s raw rattan needs, put in place the framework to ensure the sustainable utilisation of the commodity and to expedite the development of the country’s finished rattan product industry.

Companies in this field have in the past struggled with increasing competition for both market share and raw materials from Chinese manufacturers who sourced the commodity from Indonesia and subsequently pushed domestic utilisation of locally produced raw rattan down to 30% of total harvest. In the years preceding the ban, the industry suffered a substantial drop in export market value from $300 million in 2008 to $138 million in 2010 (AMKRI) as a direct result of raw material shortages. A year removed from the introduction of the ban, the export of rattan furniture and handicrafts jumped by 26.9% and 213.8% to $215.7 million and $42.4 million.

As such, companies experienced in abiding by stringent timber laws with an existing network of furniture retailers are encouraged to seek out local partners in the rattan manufacturing industry. Additionally, foreign investors with expertise in carrying out marketing campaigns that appeal to international consumers should look to partner with a local manufacturer to produce and brand rattan furniture. These goods are already popular in markets abroad, as is demonstrated by the soon to be showcased range of rattan products at IMM Cologne, a renowned international furnishing exhibition. In preparation for an influx of companies in this industry, the construction of industrial complexes for furniture manufacturers, such as the 1,000 ha furniture industry cluster in Sukabumi, West Java, is currently underway.

CPO

To maintain a supply of palm oil needed by a diverse range of local industries, the Indonesian government determines the size of the export tariff on CPO based upon average prices in Kuala Lumpur, Rotterdam and Jakarta on a monthly basis. As per Finance Ministry Decree No.67 /2010, if the price of CPO reaches between $1,200 to $1,299 per MET, the export tariff is set at 20% and a price above this range results in the levying of the maximum rate of 25%. With the present price hovering around $800 per MET (as of Q1 2014), the tariff heading into 2014 is to remain unchanged from its end of year rate of 12%. To further accelerate downstream development, the government simultaneously slashed the export tax levied on refined palm oil products from 25% to 10%.

TUGAS ARTIKEL EKONOMI INGGRIS

Nama       : Muhammad Firmansyah

Npm        :  14210703

Kelas       : 4EA19

PASSIVE VOICE

Passive Voice

The passive voice is less usual than the active voice. The active voice is the "normal" voice. But sometimes we need the passive voice. In this lesson we look at how to construct the passive voice, when to use it and how to conjugate it.

Construction of the Passive Voice

The structure of the passive voice is very simple:

subject + auxiliary verb (be) + main verb (past participle)

The main verb is always in its past participle form.

Look at these examples:

subject	auxiliary verb (to be)		main verb (past participle)
Water	is		drunk	by everyone.
100 people	are		employed	by this company.
I	am		paid	in euro.
We	are	not	paid	in dollars.
Are	they		paid	in yen?

Use of the Passive Voice

We use the passive when:

• we want to make the active object more important
• we do not know the active subject

	subject	verb	object
give importance to active object (President Kennedy)	President Kennedy	was killed	by Lee Harvey Oswald.
active subject unknown	My wallet	has been stolen.	?

Note that we always use by to introduce the passive object (Fish are eaten by cats).

Look at this sentence:

• He was killed with a gun.

Normally we use by to introduce the passive object. But the gun is not the active subject. The gun did not kill him. He was killed by somebody with a gun. In the active voice, it would be: Somebody killed him with a gun. The gun is the instrument. Somebody is the "agent" or "doer".

Conjugation for the Passive Voice

We can form the passive in any tense. In fact, conjugation of verbs in the passive tense is rather easy, as the main verb is always in past participle form and the auxiliary verb is always be. To form the required tense, we conjugate the auxiliary verb. So, for example:

• present simple: It is made
• present continuous: It is being made
• present perfect: It has been made

Here are some examples with most of the possible tenses:

infinitive		to be washed
simple	present	It is washed.
	past	It was washed.
	future	It will be washed.
	conditional	It would be washed.
continuous	present	It is being washed.
	past	It was being washed.
	future	It will be being washed.
	conditional	It would be being washed.
perfect simple	present	It has been washed.
	past	It had been washed.
	future	It will have been washed.
	conditional	It would have been washed.
perfect continuous	present	It has been being washed.
	past	It had been being washed.
	future	It will have been being washed.
	conditional	It would have been being washed.

FORMING THE PASSIVE

ACTIVE   :   (a)   Mary helped the boy PASSIVE :   (b)   The boy was helped by Mary	Form of the passive: be + past participle.   In the passive, the object of an active verb becomes the subject of the passive verb: “the boy” in (a) becomes the subject of the passive verb in (b). (a) and (b) have the same meaning.
ACTIVE   :   (c)   An accident happened PASSIVE :   (d)   ( none )	Only transitive verbs (verbs that are followed by an object) are used in the passive. It is not possible to use verbs such as happen, sleep, come, and seem (intransitive verbs) in the passive.
Simple present    Mary   helps                         Jhon.    Jhon     is helped                       by Mary present progres  Mary    is helping                  Jhon.    Jhon     is being helped            by Mary present perfect   Mary    has helped               Jhon.    Jhon     has been helped            by Mary simple past        Mary    helped                       Jhon.    Jhon     was helped                    by Mary past progresive  Mary    was helping              Jhon.    Jhon     was being helped         by Mary past perfect        Mary    had helped               Jhon.    Jhon     had been helped          by Mary simple future     Mary    will help                    Jhon.    Jhon     will be helped              by Mary be going to         Mary   is going to help         Jhon.    Jhon     is going to be helped   by Mary Future perfect    Mary   will have helped        Jhon.    Jhon     will have been helped by Mary

Example :

Tom opens the door.                           The door is opened by Tom.

Tom is opening the door.                    The door is being opened by Tom.

Tom has opened the door                   The door has been opened by Tom.

Tom opened the door                          The door was opened by Tom.

Tom was opening the door                 The door was being opened by Tom.

Tom had opened the door                   The door had been opened by Tom.

USING THE PASSIVE

(a)   Rice is grown in India. (b)   Our house was built in 1890. (c)   This olive oil was imported from Spain.	Usually the passive is used without a “ by phrase.” The passive is most frequently used when it is not known or not important to know exactly who performs an action. In (a): Rice is grown in India by people, by farmers, by someone. In sentence (a), it is not known or important to know exactly who grows rice in India. (a), (b), and (c) illustrate the most common use of the passive, i.e., without the “by phrase.”
(d)   Life on the Mississippi was written by        Mark Twain.	The “by phrase” is included only if it is important to know who performs an action. In (d), by Mark Twain is important information.
(e)   My aunt made this rug. (active) (f)   This rug was made by my aunt.        That rug was made by my mother.	If the speaker/writer knows who performs an action, usually the active is used, as in (e). The passive may be used with the “by phrase” instead of the active when the speaker/writer wants to focus attention on the subject of a sentence. In (f) the focus of attention is on two rugs.

Example :

People grow corn in Iowa.                  Corn is grown in Iowa

INDIRECT OBJECTS AS PASSIVE SUBJECTS

(a)   Someone gave Mrs. Lee[LO]  an award        [DO]. (b)   Mrs. Lee was given an award.	LO= indirect object. DO= direct object. Either an indirect object or a direct may become the subject of a passive sentence. (a), (b), (c), and (d) have the same meaning.
(c)   Someone gave an award to Mrs. Lee. (d)   An award was given to Mrs. Lee.

Example :

Someone handed Ann a menu at the restaurant.

(indirect object = Ann)            Ann was handed a menu at the restaurant.

Passive Form Of Verbs

            Many verbs may be used to make statements about the same event in two different ways.

Active Voice                The boy (subject) opened the door (object).

Passive Voice              The door (original object) was opened by the boy (original subject).

FORMS OF THE

PASSIVE VOICE

            The passive voice is preferred when the “doer” of an action (or, the agent) is unimportant or unknown. Because of its impersonal tone, the passive voice is commonly found in textbooks, in scientific, technical or business reports, and in newspaper stories.

Example :        The janitor opens the door every morning.

                                    The door is opened by the janitor every morning.

                                   

Passive Of Verbs That Take Two Objects

            With verbs that take indirect objects, either the direct or the indirect object may be the grammatical subject of the passive verb.

                        Active              The company will give us the guarantee in writing

                        Passive            We will be given the guarantee in writing

                                                                          Or

                                                The guarantee will be given (to) us in writing.

                                                (To is optional in the passive)

            Example          : She sent her husband a telegram

                                      Her husband was sent a telegram

Reference :
Azar, Betty Schrampfer. UNDERSTANDING AND USING ENGLISH GRAMMAR Second Edition. New Jersey: Englewood Cliffs, 1989.
Frank, Marcella. Modern English : Exercises For Non-Native Speakers Part 1 of Speech. New York: Prentice Hall, Inc, 1972.

http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-voice_passive.htm

NAMA       : MUHAMMAD FIRMANSYAH

NPM          : 14210703

KELAS      : 4EA19

MATKUL : BAHASA INGGRIS BISNIS 2

Curriculum Vitae

Curriculum Vitae

Personal Details

Full Name                   : Muhammad Firmansyah

Sex                             : Male

Place, Date of Birth     : Bantul, Sept 12, 1992

Nationality                  : Indonesia

Marital Status             : Single

Height, Weight           : 173 cm, 74 kg

Health                        : Perfect

Religion                      : Moslem

Address                     : Kp. Rawa Gelam RT.001/006 No.107 Jakarta Timur 13930

Educational Background

1998 – 2004                : SDN Jatinegara 02, Jakarta

2004 – 2007                : SMPN 90, Jakarta

2007 – 2010                : SMAN 36, Jakarta

2010 – 2014                : Universitas Gunadarma

Course & Education

2012                            : Course of Management Export Import Product and Simulation

2013                            : Banking Syaria

Skill

Computer Ms. Office (Operating)

NAMA          : MUHAMMAD FIRMANSYAH

NPM             : 14210703

KELAS         : 4EA19

MATKUL    : BAHASA INGGRIS 2

ETIKA BISNIS : TUGAS MINGGU KE 6

1. Sebutkan definisi corporate sociak responsibility!
Jawab : Corporate Social Responsibility adalah suatu tindakan atau konsep yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan (sesuai kemampuan perusahaan tersebut) sebagai bentuk tanggungjawab mereka terhadap sosial/lingkungan sekitar dimana perusahaan itu berada.

2. Jelaskan apa yg anda ketahui mengenai prinsip corporate social responbility (CSR)?
Jawab : Pertanggungan-jawab ( responsibility)
Prinsip ini menuntut perusahaan maupun pimpinan dan manajer perusahaan melakukan kegiatannya secara bertanggung jawab. Sebagai pengelola perusahaan hendaknya dihindari segala biaya transaksi yang berpotensi merugikan pihak ketiga maupun pihak lain di luar ketentuan yang telah disepakati, seperti tersirat pada undang-undang, regulasi, kontrak maupun pedoman operasional bisnis perusahaan.
Prinsip Responsibility mempunyai hubungan yang paling dekat dengan CSR. Prinsip ini memberikan penekanan yang lebih terhadap stakeholders perusahaan (stakeholders-driven concept).
Prinsip yang lain lebih fokus ke shareholders-driven concept.

3. Jelaskan menurut pemahaman kalian mengenai corporate social responbility (csr) bagi perusahaan.
Jawab : Pengertian Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) :
        Berdasar pada Trinidad and Tobaco Bureau of Standards (TTBS), Corporate Social Responsibility diartikan sebagai komitmen usaha untuk bertindak etis, beroperasi secara legal dan berkontribusi untuk peningkatan ekonomi bersamaan dengan peningkatan kualitas hidup dari karyawan dan keluarganya, komuniti lokal dan masyarakat secara lebih luas (Budimanta,Prasetijo & Rudito, 2004, p.72).
        World Business Council for Sustainable Development mendefiniskan Corporate Social Responsibility sebagai komitmen berkelanjutan kalangan bisnis untuk berperilaku etis dan memberikan sumbangan pada pembangunan ekonomi sekaligus memperbaiki mutu hidup angkatan kerja dan keluarganya serta komunitas lokal dan masyarakat secara keseluruhan (Iriantara, 2004, p.49).
        CSR Forum mendefinikan Corporate Social Responsibility sebagai bisnis yang dilakukan secara transparan dan terbuka serta berdasarkan pada nilai-nilai moral dan menjunjung tinggi rasa hormat kepada karyawan, komunitas dan lingkungan (Wibisono, 2007, p.8).

        Jadi menurut pendapat saya, Corporate Social Responsibility merupakan komitmen dari perusahaan kepada karyawan dan lingkungannya yang bertujuan untuk bertindak etis, memperhatikan tenaga kerjanya dan memperbaiki mutu hidup.
Contoh : Dalam pekerjaan kontraktor, banyak di tempel slogan - slogan "SEFTY FIRST" di dalam pengerjaannya. Dengan demikian tenaga kerjanya di perhatikan untuk mengutamakan keselamatannya dalam bekerja.

4. Gambarkan dan jelaskan hubungan antara CSR dan pengembangan masyarakat !
Jawab : Bagi masyarakat keberadaan perusahaan bermanfaat untuk masyarakat sekitar melalui program pemberdayaan masyarakat sehingga terbebas dari kemiskinan. Sementara dari sisi perusahaan, jelas agar operasional berjalan lancar tanpa gangguan untuk menjamin keberlangsungan bisnis perusahaan dalam jangka panjang. Jika hubungan antara perusahaan dan masyarakat tidak harmonis, bisa dipastikan ada masalah. Memang dalam pelaksanaanya program CSR belum sepenuhnya diterima oleh masyarakat karena masih minimnya perhatian perusahaan terhadap pelaksanaan CSR.

5. Sebutkan dan jelaskan indikator keberhasilan Corporate Social Responbility (CSR) dan model penerapan di indonesia.
Jawab : Terdapat banyak referensi untuk mengembangkan indikator kinerja CSR guna mengukur prestasi organisasi dalam melakukan CSR. Indikator dapat dikembangkan misalnya dari pedoman tanggung jawab sosial untuk seluruh jenis organisasi, ISO 26000. Sementara itu, indikator keberhasilan individu pelaksana CSR harus dimasukkan dalam Key Performance Indikator (KPI) atau Key Indicator of Success (KIS) perorangan. Dalam ISO 26000, setiap subjek inti (core subject) mempunyai beberapa isu yang diharapkan dilaksanakan oleh perusahaan melalui kegiatan tanggung jawab sosialnya. Untuk mengukur keberhasilan institusi, skor atas pemenuhan setiap isu dalam ISO 26000 dapat diberikan, yang tercakup dalam setiap core subject (subjek utama)-nya. Misalnya, skor 3,2, dan 1. Jika isu sangat lengkap maka dapat diberi skor 3, bila cukup lengkap 2, dan jika kurang lengkap diberi nilai 1.
“Radyati-KIS” Penulis telah membuat suatu alat untuk mendesain CSR. Alat ini dapat digunakan untuk mengukur keberhasilan kinerja CSR, baik dalam ruang lingkup perusahaan maupun ruang lingkup individu, yang disebut dengan “Radyati–KIS (Key Indicator of Success)”. Alat ini membagi aspek keberlanjutan yang merupakan ruang lingkup CSR, berdasarkan kriteria yang dikembangkan oleh Alan Atkisson, yakni Compass (Kompas). Aspek Kompas terdiri dari empat penjuru serupa penjuru mata angin, yakni Utara (N= North), Selatan (S=South), Timur (E=East), dan Barat (W=West). Alan Atkisson memodifikasi Kompas ini sehingga mudah kita ingat, menjadi N = Nature (Lingkungan Hidup); S = Society (Masyarakat); E = Economy; dan W = Wellbeing (Kebahagiaan/Kesejahteraan Individu).

6. Jelaskan apa yg kalian ketahui hubungan csr dengan konsep pembangunan ekonomi berkelanjutan.
Jawab : Pelaksanaan CSR dapat bermanfaat bagi perusahaan, yaitu dengan penciptaan citra perusahaan yang khas, baik, dan etis di mata publik sehingga dapat meningkatkan loyalty (brand differentiation(, tumbuhnya rasa kebangga (sense of prede) dan segenap karayawan perusahaan tersebut, mendorong kemudahan memperoleh ijin dan pemerintah dan publik atas pelaksanaan bisnis perusahaan karena telah dianggap memenuhi standar oprasional dan kepedulian terhadap lingkungan dan masyarakat luas, mengelola resiko-resiko terciptanya hubungan yang lebih erat antara masyarakat dan perusahaan membantu pemerintah dalam menjalankan misi sosial yang telah direncanakan pemerintah, terciptanya kesinambungan usaha (business sustainabillity). Dimana perusahaan melibatkan stakeholder sebagai bagian dan proses bisnisnya.

7. Gambarkan tabel motivasi tanggung jaqab sosial perusahaan.
Jawab :

8. Jelaskan apa yang kalian ketahui mengenai ISO dan SNI.

Jawab : 

a. ISO atau (Internasional Organization for Standardization) adalah Organisasi yang mengurusi perkembangan dan publikasi mengenai standarisasi Internasional.
b. SNI atau (Standar Nasional Indonesia) adalah standar yang ditetapkan oleh Badan Standardisasi Nasional dan Berlaku secara Nasiona(PP. 102 tahun 2000).


SUMBER :

http://jurnal-sdm.blogspot.com/2009/07/corporate-social-responsibility-csr.html
http://shnews.co/tekno/web/read/1449/motivasi-tanggung-jawab-sosial-perusahaan
http://intan-kelian93.mhs.narotama.ac.id/2012/11/28/tugas-etika-bisnis/
http://redarevenge.blogspot.com/2010/11/hubungan-antara-csr-corporate-social.html